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@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ |
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Goal of this Document |
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===================== |
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About this Document |
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=================== |
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This description aims to document the data format that Hoymiles |
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micro inverters use to communicate their current operating state. |
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The original Hoymiles setup requires connectivity to "the cloud", |
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see [this chapter](#system-description). |
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see [this section below](#system-description). |
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With the information documented here, it is possible to interact with |
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a set of Hoymiles micro inverters in a purely "offline" way, i.e. |
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@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ without requiring internet access or any connectivity to a "cloud". |
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The only required hardware is a Nordic "NRF24L01+" wireless module. |
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The `ahoy` project at [ahoy] collects software for various platforms, |
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The `ahoy` project at [5] collects software for various platforms, |
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including Aduino and RaspberryPi. |
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> Note: Some of the sections in this document are (still) in German. Translation |
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> will be provided if and when necessary. |
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> Note: Some of the sections in this document are (still) in German. Translations |
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> may be provided if and when necessary. |
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Origin, Contributors |
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@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Here's a list of some of the early contributors: |
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- Thomas B. (tbnobody): protocol analysis, logging |
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- Arnaldo G. (arnaldo_g): data capturing |
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- Oliver F (of22): protocol analysis, logging |
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- Martin G. (petersilie): protocol analysis, logging |
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- Martin G. (petersilie): protocol analysis, logging, RaspberryPi |
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@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ Ein Setup wie von Hoymiles vorgesehen, sieht wie folgt aus: |
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- Eine "DTU" kommuniziert mit vielen Wechselrichtern. |
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- Die Kommunikation geht immer von der DTU aus: |
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DTU stellt Anfrage und erwartet eine Antwort vom WR. |
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- Dafür muss die DTU die Adressen aller WR kennen. |
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- Dafür muss die DTU die Adressen (=Seriennummern) aller WR kennen. |
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- Diese werden der DTU im Rahmen eines Einrichtungsprozesses beigebracht. |
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``` |
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Nordic |
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@ -67,20 +68,20 @@ Ein Setup wie von Hoymiles vorgesehen, sieht wie folgt aus: |
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+-------+ +-----------+ |
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| DTU | | MI-600 | |
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+-------+ +-----------+-+ |
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| MI-600 | |
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| MI-1500 | |
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+-----------+-+ |
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| MI-1500 | |
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| MI-... | |
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+-----------+ |
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: |
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: |
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: |
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: |
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ABBILDUNG 1: Systemübersicht |
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``` |
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``` |
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Nordic |
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WLAN "Enh. Shockburst" |
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2.4 GHz |
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Nordic |
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WLAN "Enh. Shockburst" |
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2.4 GHz |
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\|/ \|/ |
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| | |
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+---------+ +-----------+ |
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@ -97,9 +98,9 @@ Ein Setup wie von Hoymiles vorgesehen, sieht wie folgt aus: |
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``` |
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Nordic |
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"Enh. Shockburst" |
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NRF24LE1E 2.4 GHz |
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Nordic |
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"Enh. Shockburst" |
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NRF24LE1E 2.4 GHz |
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+------------------+ \|/ |
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+----------+ | | | | |
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| GD32F303 | <----->| µC | NRF24L01+ |-------+ |
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@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ Ein Setup wie von Hoymiles vorgesehen, sieht wie folgt aus: |
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Adressierung |
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============ |
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Die Seriennummern der DTU und der WR werden wie folgt in Adressen für die |
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Die Seriennummern der DTU und der WR werden wie folgt als Adressen für die |
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Kommunikation verwendet: |
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**Interne Kommunikation**: Die meisten Datenpakete enthalten Quell- und |
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@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ Innerhalb der Pakete auf (C) wird daraus die 4-Byte-Adresse |
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der letzen 8 Dezimalziffern. |
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**NRF24 addressing scheme**: Over the air, the inverters communicate using |
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the Nordic "Enhanced Shockburst" [3] Protocol configured for |
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the [Nordic "Enhanced Shockburst" Protocol][3] configured for |
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5-byte addresses. |
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The inverter serial number is converted into a "Shockburst" address |
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@ -147,9 +148,10 @@ In this example, the resulting "Shockburst" address is: 0x3288817201. |
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**Additional example**, this time for inverter with serial number 99973104619: |
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The datasheet specifies the over-the-air packet format: "Most Significant Byte |
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(MSB) to the left" (cf figure 11) |
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(MSB) to the left" (cf [datasheet figure 11][3]) |
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Address := Byte_4, Byte_3, Byte_2, Byte_1, Byte_0 ("LSByte must be unique") |
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Address := Byte_4, Byte_3, Byte_2, Byte_1, Byte_0 |
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("LSByte must be unique") |
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so 0x1946107301 results in |
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@ -201,12 +203,12 @@ and some translation/mangling/processing happens inside the NRF24LE1E, in partic |
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- recalculation of CRCs |
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These packets (which are all framed in 0x7e...0x7f bytes) are described in section |
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"encapsulated packets" below. |
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[Encapsulated Packets](#encapsulated-packets) below. |
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More recent efforts focus mainly on the actual "Enhanced Shockburst" packets |
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that are transmitted over the air. These packets are described in section |
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"Enhanced Shockburst Payloads", and the information contained in this section is |
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more up to date. |
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[Enhanced Shockburst Payloads](#Enhanced-Shockburst-Payloads), and the |
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information contained in this section is more up to date. |
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@ -217,17 +219,19 @@ Encapsulated Packets |
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These are packets as observed on Link (C) in figure (3). |
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Nachricht: DTU an WR: "Init" (?) |
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``` |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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7E 07 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 07 7F |
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^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ |
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Bedeutung SOF MID WR ser# WR ser# ? CRC8 EOF |
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``` |
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? |
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Nachricht: DTU an WR: "Init 2" (?) |
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``` |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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7E 07 72 81 88 32 72 81 88 32 00 07 7F |
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@ -235,10 +239,12 @@ Nachricht: DTU an WR: "Init 2" (?) |
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Bedeutung SOF MID DTU ser# DTU ser# ? CRC8 EOF |
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Einheit BCD (letzte 8) BCD (letzte 8) ? ? |
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Beispiel 72818832 72818832 ? |
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``` |
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Nachricht 0x80: DTU an WR: "Zeit setzen" (?) |
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``` |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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|<-------------CRC16 'modbus' für CRC_M----------------->| |
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7E 15 72 22 02 00 72 22 02 00 80 0B 00 62 09 04 9b 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 F2 68 F0 7F |
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@ -246,10 +252,12 @@ Nachricht 0x80: DTU an WR: "Zeit setzen" (?) |
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Bedeutung SOF MID WR ser# WR ser# CMD ? TIME (UTC) CRC_M CRC8 EOF |
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Einheit BCD (letzte 8) BCD (letzte 8) ? [s] HI LO |
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Beispiel 72220200 72220200 ? 2022-02-13 |
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``` |
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13:16:11 |
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Nachricht 0x81: DTU an WR: "Anfrage DC-Daten" (?) |
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``` |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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GD->NRF 7E 15 70 51 43 68 70 51 43 68 81 xx 7F ...... (NOCH NICHT VERIFIZIERT / GESEHEN) |
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@ -261,9 +269,11 @@ GD->NRF 7E 15 70 51 43 68 70 51 43 68 81 xx 7F .. |
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on-air 15 70 51 43 68 70 53 54 53 81 BA |
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(payload) ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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WR ser # DTU ser # |
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``` |
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Nachricht 0x82: DTU an WR: "Anfrage AC-Daten" (?) |
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``` |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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GD->NRF 7E 15 70 51 43 68 70 51 43 68 82 xx 7F ...... (NOCH NICHT VERIFIZIERT / GESEHEN) |
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@ -275,9 +285,11 @@ GD->NRF 7E 15 70 51 43 68 70 51 43 68 82 xx 7F .. |
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on-air 15 70 51 43 68 70 53 54 53 82 B9 |
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(payload) ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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WR ser # DTU ser # |
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``` |
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Nachricht 0x83: DTU an WR: "Anfrage DC-Daten" (?) |
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``` |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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GD->NRF 7E 15 70 51 43 68 70 51 43 68 83 xx 7F ...... (NOCH NICHT VERIFIZIERT / GESEHEN) |
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@ -289,9 +301,11 @@ GD->NRF 7E 15 70 51 43 68 70 51 43 68 83 xx 7F .. |
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on-air 15 70 51 43 68 70 53 54 53 83 B8 |
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(payload) ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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WR ser # DTU ser # |
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``` |
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Nachricht 0x85: DTU an WR: "???" (?) |
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``` |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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GD->NRF 7E 15 70 51 43 68 70 51 43 68 85 xx 7F ...... (NOCH NICHT VERIFIZIERT / GESEHEN) |
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@ -303,9 +317,11 @@ GD->NRF 7E 15 70 51 43 68 70 51 43 68 85 xx 7F .. |
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on-air 15 70 51 43 68 70 53 54 53 85 BE |
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(payload) ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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WR ser # DTU ser # |
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``` |
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Nachricht 0xFF: DTU an WR: "???" (?) |
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``` |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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GD->NRF 7E 15 70 51 43 68 70 51 43 68 FF xx 7F ...... (NOCH NICHT VERIFIZIERT / GESEHEN) |
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@ -317,9 +333,11 @@ GD->NRF 7E 15 70 51 43 68 70 51 43 68 FF xx 7F .. |
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on-air 15 70 51 43 68 70 53 54 53 FF C4 |
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(payload) ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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WR ser # DTU ser # |
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``` |
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Nachricht 0x01: WR an DTU: "Aktuelle DC Daten" (?) |
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``` |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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7E 95 72 22 02 00 72 22 02 00 01 00 01 01 4c 03 bd 0c 46 00 b5 00 03 00 05 00 00 BD 7F |
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@ -327,9 +345,11 @@ Nachricht 0x01: WR an DTU: "Aktuelle DC Daten" (?) |
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Bedeutung SOF MID WR ser# WR ser# CMD ? PV1.u PV1.i PV1.p PV2.u PV2.i PV2.p ? CRC8 EOF |
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Einheit BCD (letzte 8) BCD (letzte 8) ? [0.1V] [0.01A] [.1W] [0.1V] [0.01A] [.1W] ? |
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Beispiel 72220200 72220200 ? 33.2V 9.57A 317.2W 18.1V 0.03A 0.5W ? |
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``` |
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Nachricht 0x02: WR an DTU: "Aktuelle AC Daten" (?) |
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``` |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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7E 95 72 22 02 00 72 22 02 00 02 28 23 00 00 24 44 00 3C 00 00 09 0F 13 88 0B D5 83 7F |
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@ -337,9 +357,11 @@ Nachricht 0x02: WR an DTU: "Aktuelle AC Daten" (?) |
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Bedeutung SOF MID WR ser# WR ser# CMD ? ? ? AC.u AC.f AC.p CRC8 EOF |
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Einheit BCD (letzte 8) BCD (letzte 8) ? [0.1V] [0.01Hz] [0.1W] |
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Beispiel 72220200 72220200 ? 9284 60 231.9V 50.00Hz 302.9W |
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``` |
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Nachricht 0x83: WR an DTU (?): "???" (nach CMD wäre das eher auch eine Antwort vom WR?) |
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``` |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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7E 95 72 22 02 00 72 22 02 00 83 00 03 00 83 03 E8 00 B2 00 0A FD 26 1E 7F |
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@ -347,6 +369,7 @@ Nachricht 0x83: WR an DTU (?): "???" (nach CMD wäre das eher auch eine Antwort |
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Bedeutung SOF MID WR ser# WR ser# CMD ? ? ? ? ? ? CRC8 EOF |
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Einheit BCD (letzte 8) BCD (letzte 8) ? |
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Beispiel 72220200 72220200 ? 131 1000 178 10 |
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``` |
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@ -368,7 +391,7 @@ Enhanced Shockburst Payloads |
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- These are the packets that are exchanged between inverters and DTU via the Nordic |
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"Enhanced Shockburst" protocol. |
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- Each payload is preceded by a preamble, and terminated by a 16-bit CRC, as described |
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in the corresponding Nordic datasheet. See also figure 4 above. |
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in the [Nordic datasheet][3]. See also figure 4 above. |
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@ -378,17 +401,20 @@ CMD 0x80: DTU --> WR: "Set time/date" (?) |
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|<-------------CRC16 'modbus' für CRC_M----------------->| |
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15 72220200 72220200 80 0B 00 62 09 04 9b 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 F2 68 F0 |
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^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ |
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Name MID DST_SER# SRC_SER# CMD uk1 TIME (local) SEQ? CRC_M CRC8 |
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Name MID DTU_SER# DTU_SER# CMD uk1 TIME (local) SEQ? CRC_M CRC8 |
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Units see "addressing" ? [s-since-epoch] HI LO |
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Example 72220200 72220200 ? 2022-02-13 |
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13:16:11 |
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``` |
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- This message will cause the inverter to transmit a CMD=0x01, CMD=0x02, and, occasionally, also a CMD=0x83 message |
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to the DTU with serial number DST_SER#. |
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to the DTU with serial number DTU_SER#. |
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- Values of "0xb0, 0x00" and "0x11, 0x00" have been observed for "UK1". Their meaning is unknown. |
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- "SEQ" was observed to contain increasing numbers when sent by a Hoymiles DTU. In particular, |
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each issued "command" (e.g. "switch inverter on", "switch inverter off") appears to increase this |
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value. A constant value of 0x0000 or 0x0005 appears to work just fine. |
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- Repeatedly sending the same TIME information (instead of correctly increasing time) |
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[has been shown](https://www.mikrocontroller.net/topic/525778?page=2#7021386) to result |
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in identical behaviour, the inverter still replies as described above. |
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``` |
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@ -404,7 +430,9 @@ Example 72220200 72220200 ? 33.2V 9.57A |
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- The exact meaning of the contents of this message varies depending on inverter type. So far, the following variants have been observed: |
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- HM-400 (single channel): |
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- HM-700 (2-channel): |
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- HM-1500 (4-channel): |
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- HM-1500 (4-channel): |
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``` |
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TODO TODO TODO |
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73109025 73109025 01 00 01 014F 0003 000B 0000 40AE 03AC 08E6 7C |
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^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ |
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335 3 11 940 2278 |
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@ -414,14 +442,16 @@ Example 72220200 72220200 ? 33.2V 9.57A |
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^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ |
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349 77 179 1 13337 |
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34.9V 0.77A 1.79W 1 133.37kW |
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``` |
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``` |
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Nachricht 0x02: WR an DTU: "Aktuelle AC Daten" (?) |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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7E 95 72 22 02 00 72 22 02 00 02 28 23 00 00 24 44 00 3C 00 00 09 0F 13 88 0B D5 83 7F |
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^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^ |
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Bedeutung SOF MID WR ser# WR ser# CMD ? ? ? AC.u AC.f AC.p CRC8 EOF |
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7E 95 72 22 02 00 72 22 02 00 02 28 23 00 00 24 44 00 3C 00 00 09 0F 13 88 0B D5 83 |
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^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ |
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Bedeutung SOF MID WR ser# WR ser# CMD ? ? ? AC.u AC.f AC.p CRC8 |
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Einheit BCD (letzte 8) BCD (letzte 8) ? [0.1V] [0.01Hz] [0.1W] |
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Beispiel 72220200 72220200 ? 9284 60 231.9V 50.00Hz 302.9W |
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``` |
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@ -432,23 +462,25 @@ Beispiel 72220200 72220200 ? 9 |
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Nachricht 0x83: WR an DTU (?): "???" (nach CMD wäre das eher auch eine Antwort vom WR?) |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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7E 95 72 22 02 00 72 22 02 00 83 00 03 00 83 03 E8 00 B2 00 0A FD 26 1E 7F |
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^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ |
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Bedeutung SOF MID WR ser# WR ser# CMD ? ? ? ? ? ? CRC8 EOF |
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Einheit BCD (letzte 8) BCD (letzte 8) ? |
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Beispiel 72220200 72220200 ? 131 1000 178 10 |
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95 72 22 02 00 72 22 02 00 83 00 03 00 83 03 E8 00 B2 00 0A FD 26 1E |
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^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ |
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Bedeutung MID WR ser# WR ser# CMD ? ? ? ? ? ? CRC8 |
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Einheit BCD (letzte 8) BCD (letzte 8) ? |
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Beispiel 72220200 72220200 ? 131 1000 178 10 |
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``` |
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Legend |
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====== |
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MID: Message-ID. Antworten haben Bit 7 gesetzt, |
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z.B. Frage 0x15 --> Antwort 0x95. |
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z.B. Frage 0x07 --> Antwort 0x87. |
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Für Kommunikation GD <--> NRF |
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CMD: |
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**MID**: Message-ID. Antworten haben Bit 7 gesetzt, |
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``` |
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z.B. Frage 0x15 --> Antwort 0x95. |
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z.B. Frage 0x07 --> Antwort 0x87. |
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Für Kommunikation GD <--> NRF |
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``` |
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**CMD**: |
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Befehl an den WR hat Bit 7 gesetzt |
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0x80 "Zeit setzen" |
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0x81 "Anfrage DC-Daten", erwartete Antwort: 0x01 |
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@ -460,33 +492,41 @@ CMD: |
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0x01 "Aktuelle DC-Daten" |
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0x02 "Aktuelle AC-Daten" |
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SOF: Start-of-Frame 0x7e |
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EOF: End-of-Frame 0x7f |
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CRC8: CRC8 mit poly=1 init=0 xor=0, für alle Bytes zwischen SOF und CRC8. |
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**SOF**: Start-of-Frame 0x7e |
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**EOF**: End-of-Frame 0x7f |
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**CRC8**: CRC8 mit poly=1 init=0 xor=0, für alle Bytes zwischen SOF und CRC8. |
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Beispiel in Python: |
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``` |
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>>> import crcmod |
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>>> f = crcmod.mkCrcFun(0x101, initCrc=0, xorOut=0) |
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>>> payload = bytes((0x95,0x72,0x22,0x02,0x00,0x72,0x22,0x02,0x00,0x83,0x00,0x03,0x00,0x83,0x03,0xE8,0x00,0xB2,0x00,0x0A,0xFD,0x26)) |
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>>> hex(f(payload)) |
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'0x1e' |
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``` |
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CRC_M: CRC16 wie für "Modbus"-Protokoll, High-Byte gefolgt von Low-Byte |
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**CRC_M**: CRC16 wie für "Modbus"-Protokoll, High-Byte gefolgt von Low-Byte |
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Beispiel in Python: |
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``` |
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>>> import crcmod |
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>>> f = crcmod.predefined.mkPredefinedCrcFun('modbus') |
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>>> payload = bytes((0x0B,0x00,0x62,0x2F,0x45,0x96,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00)) |
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>>> hex(f(payload)) |
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'0x3bd6' |
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``` |
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TIME: Aktuelle (DTU-)Zeit als Unix "time_t" (Sekunden seit 1970-01-01) |
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**TIME**: Aktuelle (DTU-)Zeit als Unix "time_t" (Sekunden seit 1970-01-01) |
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Glossar |
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======= |
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Glossary |
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======== |
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**WR**: Wechselrichter (inverter) |
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**DTU**: Data Terminal Unit (?). Die Hoymiles-Bezeichnung für den Kommunikations-Master. |
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WR: Wechselrichter (inverter) |
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DTU: Data Terminal Unit (?). Die Hoymiles-Bezeichnung für den Kommunikations-Master. |
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BCD: Binary Coded Decimal |
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**BCD**: Binary Coded Decimal |
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Notizen |
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@ -504,8 +544,9 @@ References |
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- [1]: https://www.mikrocontroller.net/topic/525778 "The post that started the community effort" |
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- [2]: https://www.mikrocontroller.net "mikrocontroller.net" |
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- [3]: "Nordic NRF24LE01+ datasheet" |
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- [3]: https://infocenter.nordicsemi.com/pdf/nRF24LE1_PS_v1.6.pdf "Nordic NRF24LE01+ datasheet" |
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- [4]: https://nrf24.github.io/RF24 "Optimized high speed nRF24L01+ driver documentation" |
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- [5]: https://github.com/grindylow/ahoy "AHOY Communications Project" |
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Revision History |
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