Abstract persistent files through Apache OpenDAL (#5626)

* Abstract file access through Apache OpenDAL

* Add AWS S3 support via OpenDAL for data files

* PR improvements

* Additional PR improvements

* Config setting comments for local/remote data locations

.env.template

@@ -15,6 +15,14 @@
 ####################
 
 ## Main data folder
+## This can be a path to local folder or a path to an external location
+## depending on features enabled at build time. Possible external locations:
+##
+## - AWS S3 Bucket (via `s3` feature): s3://bucket-name/path/to/folder
+##
+## When using an external location, make sure to set TMP_FOLDER,
+## TEMPLATES_FOLDER, and DATABASE_URL to local paths and/or a remote database
+## location.
 # DATA_FOLDER=data
 
 ## Individual folders, these override %DATA_FOLDER%
@@ -22,10 +30,13 @@
 # ICON_CACHE_FOLDER=data/icon_cache
 # ATTACHMENTS_FOLDER=data/attachments
 # SENDS_FOLDER=data/sends
+
+## Temporary folder used for storing temporary file uploads
+## Must be a local path.
 # TMP_FOLDER=data/tmp
 
-## Templates data folder, by default uses embedded templates
+## HTML template overrides data folder
-## Check source code to see the format
+## Must be a local path.
 # TEMPLATES_FOLDER=data/templates
 ## Automatically reload the templates for every request, slow, use only for development
 # RELOAD_TEMPLATES=false
@@ -39,7 +50,9 @@
 #########################
 
 ## Database URL
-## When using SQLite, this is the path to the DB file, default to %DATA_FOLDER%/db.sqlite3
+## When using SQLite, this is the path to the DB file, and it defaults to
+## %DATA_FOLDER%/db.sqlite3. If DATA_FOLDER is set to an external location, this
+## must be set to a local sqlite3 file path.
 # DATABASE_URL=data/db.sqlite3
 ## When using MySQL, specify an appropriate connection URI.
 ## Details: https://docs.diesel.rs/2.1.x/diesel/mysql/struct.MysqlConnection.html

Cargo.toml

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ enable_mimalloc = ["dep:mimalloc"]
 # You also need to set an env variable `QUERY_LOGGER=1` to fully activate this so you do not have to re-compile
 # if you want to turn off the logging for a specific run.
 query_logger = ["dep:diesel_logger"]
+s3 = ["opendal/services-s3", "dep:aws-config", "dep:aws-credential-types", "dep:anyhow", "dep:reqsign"]
 
 # Enable unstable features, requires nightly
 # Currently only used to enable rusts official ip support
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ dashmap = "6.1.0"
 # Async futures
 futures = "0.3.31"
 tokio = { version = "1.45.1", features = ["rt-multi-thread", "fs", "io-util", "parking_lot", "time", "signal", "net"] }
+tokio-util = { version = "0.7.15", features = ["compat"]}
 
 # A generic serialization/deserialization framework
 serde = { version = "1.0.219", features = ["derive"] }
@@ -176,6 +178,15 @@ rpassword = "7.4.0"
 # Loading a dynamic CSS Stylesheet
 grass_compiler = { version = "0.13.4", default-features = false }
 
+# File are accessed through Apache OpenDAL
+opendal = { version = "0.53.2", features = ["services-fs"] }
+
+# For retrieving AWS credentials, including temporary SSO credentials
+anyhow = { version = "1.0.98", optional = true }
+aws-config = { version = "1.6.3", features = ["behavior-version-latest"], optional = true }
+aws-credential-types = { version = "1.2.3", optional = true }
+reqsign = { version = "0.16.3", optional = true }
+
 # Strip debuginfo from the release builds
 # The debug symbols are to provide better panic traces
 # Also enable fat LTO and use 1 codegen unit for optimizations

build.rs

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ fn main() {
     println!("cargo:rustc-cfg=postgresql");
     #[cfg(feature = "query_logger")]
     println!("cargo:rustc-cfg=query_logger");
+    #[cfg(feature = "s3")]
+    println!("cargo:rustc-cfg=s3");
 
     #[cfg(not(any(feature = "sqlite", feature = "mysql", feature = "postgresql")))]
     compile_error!(
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ fn main() {
     println!("cargo::rustc-check-cfg=cfg(mysql)");
     println!("cargo::rustc-check-cfg=cfg(postgresql)");
     println!("cargo::rustc-check-cfg=cfg(query_logger)");
+    println!("cargo::rustc-check-cfg=cfg(s3)");
 
     // Rerun when these paths are changed.
     // Someone could have checked-out a tag or specific commit, but no other files changed.

src/api/admin.rs

@@ -753,17 +753,17 @@ fn get_diagnostics_http(code: u16, _token: AdminToken) -> EmptyResult {
 }
 
 #[post("/config", format = "application/json", data = "<data>")]
-fn post_config(data: Json<ConfigBuilder>, _token: AdminToken) -> EmptyResult {
+async fn post_config(data: Json<ConfigBuilder>, _token: AdminToken) -> EmptyResult {
     let data: ConfigBuilder = data.into_inner();
-    if let Err(e) = CONFIG.update_config(data, true) {
+    if let Err(e) = CONFIG.update_config(data, true).await {
         err!(format!("Unable to save config: {e:?}"))
     }
     Ok(())
 }
 
 #[post("/config/delete", format = "application/json")]
-fn delete_config(_token: AdminToken) -> EmptyResult {
+async fn delete_config(_token: AdminToken) -> EmptyResult {
-    if let Err(e) = CONFIG.delete_user_config() {
+    if let Err(e) = CONFIG.delete_user_config().await {
         err!(format!("Unable to delete config: {e:?}"))
     }
     Ok(())

src/api/core/ciphers.rs

@@ -11,10 +11,11 @@ use rocket::{
 use serde_json::Value;
 
 use crate::auth::ClientVersion;
-use crate::util::NumberOrString;
+use crate::util::{save_temp_file, NumberOrString};
 use crate::{
     api::{self, core::log_event, EmptyResult, JsonResult, Notify, PasswordOrOtpData, UpdateType},
     auth::Headers,
+    config::PathType,
     crypto,
     db::{models::*, DbConn, DbPool},
     CONFIG,
@@ -105,12 +106,7 @@ struct SyncData {
 }
 
 #[get("/sync?<data..>")]
-async fn sync(
+async fn sync(data: SyncData, headers: Headers, client_version: Option<ClientVersion>, mut conn: DbConn) -> JsonResult {
-    data: SyncData,
-    headers: Headers,
-    client_version: Option<ClientVersion>,
-    mut conn: DbConn,
-) -> Json<Value> {
     let user_json = headers.user.to_json(&mut conn).await;
 
     // Get all ciphers which are visible by the user
@@ -134,7 +130,7 @@ async fn sync(
     for c in ciphers {
         ciphers_json.push(
             c.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, Some(&cipher_sync_data), CipherSyncType::User, &mut conn)
-                .await,
+                .await?,
         );
     }
 
@@ -159,7 +155,7 @@ async fn sync(
         api::core::_get_eq_domains(headers, true).into_inner()
     };
 
-    Json(json!({
+    Ok(Json(json!({
         "profile": user_json,
         "folders": folders_json,
         "collections": collections_json,
@@ -168,11 +164,11 @@ async fn sync(
         "domains": domains_json,
         "sends": sends_json,
         "object": "sync"
-    }))
+    })))
 }
 
 #[get("/ciphers")]
-async fn get_ciphers(headers: Headers, mut conn: DbConn) -> Json<Value> {
+async fn get_ciphers(headers: Headers, mut conn: DbConn) -> JsonResult {
     let ciphers = Cipher::find_by_user_visible(&headers.user.uuid, &mut conn).await;
     let cipher_sync_data = CipherSyncData::new(&headers.user.uuid, CipherSyncType::User, &mut conn).await;
 
@@ -180,15 +176,15 @@ async fn get_ciphers(headers: Headers, mut conn: DbConn) -> Json<Value> {
     for c in ciphers {
         ciphers_json.push(
             c.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, Some(&cipher_sync_data), CipherSyncType::User, &mut conn)
-                .await,
+                .await?,
         );
     }
 
-    Json(json!({
+    Ok(Json(json!({
       "data": ciphers_json,
       "object": "list",
       "continuationToken": null
-    }))
+    })))
 }
 
 #[get("/ciphers/<cipher_id>")]
@@ -201,7 +197,7 @@ async fn get_cipher(cipher_id: CipherId, headers: Headers, mut conn: DbConn) ->
         err!("Cipher is not owned by user")
     }
 
-    Ok(Json(cipher.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, None, CipherSyncType::User, &mut conn).await))
+    Ok(Json(cipher.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, None, CipherSyncType::User, &mut conn).await?))
 }
 
 #[get("/ciphers/<cipher_id>/admin")]
@@ -339,7 +335,7 @@ async fn post_ciphers(data: Json<CipherData>, headers: Headers, mut conn: DbConn
     let mut cipher = Cipher::new(data.r#type, data.name.clone());
     update_cipher_from_data(&mut cipher, data, &headers, None, &mut conn, &nt, UpdateType::SyncCipherCreate).await?;
 
-    Ok(Json(cipher.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, None, CipherSyncType::User, &mut conn).await))
+    Ok(Json(cipher.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, None, CipherSyncType::User, &mut conn).await?))
 }
 
 /// Enforces the personal ownership policy on user-owned ciphers, if applicable.
@@ -676,7 +672,7 @@ async fn put_cipher(
 
     update_cipher_from_data(&mut cipher, data, &headers, None, &mut conn, &nt, UpdateType::SyncCipherUpdate).await?;
 
-    Ok(Json(cipher.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, None, CipherSyncType::User, &mut conn).await))
+    Ok(Json(cipher.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, None, CipherSyncType::User, &mut conn).await?))
 }
 
 #[post("/ciphers/<cipher_id>/partial", data = "<data>")]
@@ -714,7 +710,7 @@ async fn put_cipher_partial(
     // Update favorite
     cipher.set_favorite(Some(data.favorite), &headers.user.uuid, &mut conn).await?;
 
-    Ok(Json(cipher.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, None, CipherSyncType::User, &mut conn).await))
+    Ok(Json(cipher.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, None, CipherSyncType::User, &mut conn).await?))
 }
 
 #[derive(Deserialize)]
@@ -825,7 +821,7 @@ async fn post_collections_update(
     )
     .await;
 
-    Ok(Json(cipher.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, None, CipherSyncType::User, &mut conn).await))
+    Ok(Json(cipher.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, None, CipherSyncType::User, &mut conn).await?))
 }
 
 #[put("/ciphers/<cipher_id>/collections-admin", data = "<data>")]
@@ -1030,7 +1026,7 @@ async fn share_cipher_by_uuid(
 
     update_cipher_from_data(&mut cipher, data.cipher, headers, Some(shared_to_collections), conn, nt, ut).await?;
 
-    Ok(Json(cipher.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, None, CipherSyncType::User, conn).await))
+    Ok(Json(cipher.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, None, CipherSyncType::User, conn).await?))
 }
 
 /// v2 API for downloading an attachment. This just redirects the client to
@@ -1055,7 +1051,7 @@ async fn get_attachment(
     }
 
     match Attachment::find_by_id(&attachment_id, &mut conn).await {
-        Some(attachment) if cipher_id == attachment.cipher_uuid => Ok(Json(attachment.to_json(&headers.host))),
+        Some(attachment) if cipher_id == attachment.cipher_uuid => Ok(Json(attachment.to_json(&headers.host).await?)),
         Some(_) => err!("Attachment doesn't belong to cipher"),
         None => err!("Attachment doesn't exist"),
     }
@@ -1116,7 +1112,7 @@ async fn post_attachment_v2(
         "attachmentId": attachment_id,
         "url": url,
         "fileUploadType": FileUploadType::Direct as i32,
-        response_key: cipher.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, None, CipherSyncType::User, &mut conn).await,
+        response_key: cipher.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, None, CipherSyncType::User, &mut conn).await?,
     })))
 }
 
@@ -1142,7 +1138,7 @@ async fn save_attachment(
     mut conn: DbConn,
     nt: Notify<'_>,
 ) -> Result<(Cipher, DbConn), crate::error::Error> {
-    let mut data = data.into_inner();
+    let data = data.into_inner();
 
     let Some(size) = data.data.len().to_i64() else {
         err!("Attachment data size overflow");
@@ -1269,13 +1265,7 @@ async fn save_attachment(
         attachment.save(&mut conn).await.expect("Error saving attachment");
     }
 
-    let folder_path = tokio::fs::canonicalize(&CONFIG.attachments_folder()).await?.join(cipher_id.as_ref());
+    save_temp_file(PathType::Attachments, &format!("{cipher_id}/{file_id}"), data.data, true).await?;
-    let file_path = folder_path.join(file_id.as_ref());
-    tokio::fs::create_dir_all(&folder_path).await?;
-
-    if let Err(_err) = data.data.persist_to(&file_path).await {
-        data.data.move_copy_to(file_path).await?
-    }
 
     nt.send_cipher_update(
         UpdateType::SyncCipherUpdate,
@@ -1342,7 +1332,7 @@ async fn post_attachment(
 
     let (cipher, mut conn) = save_attachment(attachment, cipher_id, data, &headers, conn, nt).await?;
 
-    Ok(Json(cipher.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, None, CipherSyncType::User, &mut conn).await))
+    Ok(Json(cipher.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, None, CipherSyncType::User, &mut conn).await?))
 }
 
 #[post("/ciphers/<cipher_id>/attachment-admin", format = "multipart/form-data", data = "<data>")]
@@ -1786,7 +1776,7 @@ async fn _restore_cipher_by_uuid(
         .await;
     }
 
-    Ok(Json(cipher.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, None, CipherSyncType::User, conn).await))
+    Ok(Json(cipher.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, None, CipherSyncType::User, conn).await?))
 }
 
 async fn _restore_multiple_ciphers(
@@ -1859,7 +1849,7 @@ async fn _delete_cipher_attachment_by_id(
         )
         .await;
     }
-    let cipher_json = cipher.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, None, CipherSyncType::User, conn).await;
+    let cipher_json = cipher.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, None, CipherSyncType::User, conn).await?;
     Ok(Json(json!({"cipher":cipher_json})))
 }
 

src/api/core/emergency_access.rs

@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ async fn view_emergency_access(emer_id: EmergencyAccessId, headers: Headers, mut
                 CipherSyncType::User,
                 &mut conn,
             )
-            .await,
+            .await?,
         );
     }
 

src/api/core/organizations.rs

@@ -917,21 +917,26 @@ async fn get_org_details(data: OrgIdData, headers: OrgMemberHeaders, mut conn: D
     }
 
     Ok(Json(json!({
-        "data": _get_org_details(&data.organization_id, &headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, &mut conn).await,
+        "data": _get_org_details(&data.organization_id, &headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, &mut conn).await?,
         "object": "list",
         "continuationToken": null,
     })))
 }
 
-async fn _get_org_details(org_id: &OrganizationId, host: &str, user_id: &UserId, conn: &mut DbConn) -> Value {
+async fn _get_org_details(
+    org_id: &OrganizationId,
+    host: &str,
+    user_id: &UserId,
+    conn: &mut DbConn,
+) -> Result<Value, crate::Error> {
     let ciphers = Cipher::find_by_org(org_id, conn).await;
     let cipher_sync_data = CipherSyncData::new(user_id, CipherSyncType::Organization, conn).await;
 
     let mut ciphers_json = Vec::with_capacity(ciphers.len());
     for c in ciphers {
-        ciphers_json.push(c.to_json(host, user_id, Some(&cipher_sync_data), CipherSyncType::Organization, conn).await);
+        ciphers_json.push(c.to_json(host, user_id, Some(&cipher_sync_data), CipherSyncType::Organization, conn).await?);
     }
-    json!(ciphers_json)
+    Ok(json!(ciphers_json))
 }
 
 #[derive(FromForm)]
@@ -3372,7 +3377,7 @@ async fn get_org_export(org_id: OrganizationId, headers: AdminHeaders, mut conn:
 
     Ok(Json(json!({
         "collections": convert_json_key_lcase_first(_get_org_collections(&org_id, &mut conn).await),
-        "ciphers": convert_json_key_lcase_first(_get_org_details(&org_id, &headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, &mut conn).await),
+        "ciphers": convert_json_key_lcase_first(_get_org_details(&org_id, &headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, &mut conn).await?),
     })))
 }
 

src/api/core/sends.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use std::path::Path;
+use std::time::Duration;
 
 use chrono::{DateTime, TimeDelta, Utc};
 use num_traits::ToPrimitive;
@@ -12,8 +13,9 @@ use serde_json::Value;
 use crate::{
     api::{ApiResult, EmptyResult, JsonResult, Notify, UpdateType},
     auth::{ClientIp, Headers, Host},
+    config::PathType,
     db::{models::*, DbConn, DbPool},
-    util::NumberOrString,
+    util::{save_temp_file, NumberOrString},
     CONFIG,
 };
 
@@ -228,7 +230,7 @@ async fn post_send_file(data: Form<UploadData<'_>>, headers: Headers, mut conn:
 
     let UploadData {
         model,
-        mut data,
+        data,
     } = data.into_inner();
     let model = model.into_inner();
 
@@ -268,13 +270,8 @@ async fn post_send_file(data: Form<UploadData<'_>>, headers: Headers, mut conn:
     }
 
     let file_id = crate::crypto::generate_send_file_id();
-    let folder_path = tokio::fs::canonicalize(&CONFIG.sends_folder()).await?.join(&send.uuid);
-    let file_path = folder_path.join(&file_id);
-    tokio::fs::create_dir_all(&folder_path).await?;
 
-    if let Err(_err) = data.persist_to(&file_path).await {
+    save_temp_file(PathType::Sends, &format!("{}/{file_id}", send.uuid), data, true).await?;
-        data.move_copy_to(file_path).await?
-    }
 
     let mut data_value: Value = serde_json::from_str(&send.data)?;
     if let Some(o) = data_value.as_object_mut() {
@@ -381,7 +378,7 @@ async fn post_send_file_v2_data(
 ) -> EmptyResult {
     enforce_disable_send_policy(&headers, &mut conn).await?;
 
-    let mut data = data.into_inner();
+    let data = data.into_inner();
 
     let Some(send) = Send::find_by_uuid_and_user(&send_id, &headers.user.uuid, &mut conn).await else {
         err!("Send not found. Unable to save the file.", "Invalid send uuid or does not belong to user.")
@@ -424,19 +421,9 @@ async fn post_send_file_v2_data(
         err!("Send file size does not match.", format!("Expected a file size of {} got {size}", send_data.size));
     }
 
-    let folder_path = tokio::fs::canonicalize(&CONFIG.sends_folder()).await?.join(send_id);
+    let file_path = format!("{send_id}/{file_id}");
-    let file_path = folder_path.join(file_id);
-
-    // Check if the file already exists, if that is the case do not overwrite it
-    if tokio::fs::metadata(&file_path).await.is_ok() {
-        err!("Send file has already been uploaded.", format!("File {file_path:?} already exists"))
-    }
-
-    tokio::fs::create_dir_all(&folder_path).await?;
 
-    if let Err(_err) = data.data.persist_to(&file_path).await {
+    save_temp_file(PathType::Sends, &file_path, data.data, false).await?;
-        data.data.move_copy_to(file_path).await?
-    }
 
     nt.send_send_update(
         UpdateType::SyncSendCreate,
@@ -569,15 +556,26 @@ async fn post_access_file(
     )
     .await;
 
-    let token_claims = crate::auth::generate_send_claims(&send_id, &file_id);
-    let token = crate::auth::encode_jwt(&token_claims);
     Ok(Json(json!({
         "object": "send-fileDownload",
         "id": file_id,
-        "url": format!("{}/api/sends/{send_id}/{file_id}?t={token}", &host.host)
+        "url": download_url(&host, &send_id, &file_id).await?,
     })))
 }
 
+async fn download_url(host: &Host, send_id: &SendId, file_id: &SendFileId) -> Result<String, crate::Error> {
+    let operator = CONFIG.opendal_operator_for_path_type(PathType::Sends)?;
+
+    if operator.info().scheme() == opendal::Scheme::Fs {
+        let token_claims = crate::auth::generate_send_claims(send_id, file_id);
+        let token = crate::auth::encode_jwt(&token_claims);
+
+        Ok(format!("{}/api/sends/{send_id}/{file_id}?t={token}", &host.host))
+    } else {
+        Ok(operator.presign_read(&format!("{send_id}/{file_id}"), Duration::from_secs(5 * 60)).await?.uri().to_string())
+    }
+}
+
 #[get("/sends/<send_id>/<file_id>?<t>")]
 async fn download_send(send_id: SendId, file_id: SendFileId, t: &str) -> Option<NamedFile> {
     if let Ok(claims) = crate::auth::decode_send(t) {

src/api/core/two_factor/duo.rs

@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_duo_keys_email(email: &str, conn: &mut DbConn) -> ApiRes
     }
     .map_res("Can't fetch Duo Keys")?;
 
-    Ok((data.ik, data.sk, CONFIG.get_duo_akey(), data.host))
+    Ok((data.ik, data.sk, CONFIG.get_duo_akey().await, data.host))
 }
 
 pub async fn generate_duo_signature(email: &str, conn: &mut DbConn) -> ApiResult<(String, String)> {

src/api/icons.rs

@@ -14,14 +14,11 @@ use reqwest::{
     Client, Response,
 };
 use rocket::{http::ContentType, response::Redirect, Route};
-use tokio::{
-    fs::{create_dir_all, remove_file, symlink_metadata, File},
-    io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt},
-};
 
 use html5gum::{Emitter, HtmlString, Readable, StringReader, Tokenizer};
 
 use crate::{
+    config::PathType,
     error::Error,
     http_client::{get_reqwest_client_builder, should_block_address, CustomHttpClientError},
     util::Cached,
@@ -158,7 +155,7 @@ fn is_valid_domain(domain: &str) -> bool {
 }
 
 async fn get_icon(domain: &str) -> Option<(Vec<u8>, String)> {
-    let path = format!("{}/{domain}.png", CONFIG.icon_cache_folder());
+    let path = format!("{domain}.png");
 
     // Check for expiration of negatively cached copy
     if icon_is_negcached(&path).await {
@@ -177,7 +174,7 @@ async fn get_icon(domain: &str) -> Option<(Vec<u8>, String)> {
     // Get the icon, or None in case of error
     match download_icon(domain).await {
         Ok((icon, icon_type)) => {
-            save_icon(&path, &icon).await;
+            save_icon(&path, icon.to_vec()).await;
             Some((icon.to_vec(), icon_type.unwrap_or("x-icon").to_string()))
         }
         Err(e) => {
@@ -190,7 +187,7 @@ async fn get_icon(domain: &str) -> Option<(Vec<u8>, String)> {
 
             warn!("Unable to download icon: {e:?}");
             let miss_indicator = path + ".miss";
-            save_icon(&miss_indicator, &[]).await;
+            save_icon(&miss_indicator, vec![]).await;
             None
         }
     }
@@ -203,11 +200,9 @@ async fn get_cached_icon(path: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
     }
 
     // Try to read the cached icon, and return it if it exists
-    if let Ok(mut f) = File::open(path).await {
+    if let Ok(operator) = CONFIG.opendal_operator_for_path_type(PathType::IconCache) {
-        let mut buffer = Vec::new();
+        if let Ok(buf) = operator.read(path).await {
-
+            return Some(buf.to_vec());
-        if f.read_to_end(&mut buffer).await.is_ok() {
-            return Some(buffer);
         }
     }
 
@@ -215,9 +210,11 @@ async fn get_cached_icon(path: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
 }
 
 async fn file_is_expired(path: &str, ttl: u64) -> Result<bool, Error> {
-    let meta = symlink_metadata(path).await?;
+    let operator = CONFIG.opendal_operator_for_path_type(PathType::IconCache)?;
-    let modified = meta.modified()?;
+    let meta = operator.stat(path).await?;
-    let age = SystemTime::now().duration_since(modified)?;
+    let modified =
+        meta.last_modified().ok_or_else(|| std::io::Error::other(format!("No last modified time for `{path}`")))?;
+    let age = SystemTime::now().duration_since(modified.into())?;
 
     Ok(ttl > 0 && ttl <= age.as_secs())
 }
@@ -229,8 +226,13 @@ async fn icon_is_negcached(path: &str) -> bool {
     match expired {
         // No longer negatively cached, drop the marker
         Ok(true) => {
-            if let Err(e) = remove_file(&miss_indicator).await {
+            match CONFIG.opendal_operator_for_path_type(PathType::IconCache) {
-                error!("Could not remove negative cache indicator for icon {path:?}: {e:?}");
+                Ok(operator) => {
+                    if let Err(e) = operator.delete(&miss_indicator).await {
+                        error!("Could not remove negative cache indicator for icon {path:?}: {e:?}");
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(e) => error!("Could not remove negative cache indicator for icon {path:?}: {e:?}"),
             }
             false
         }
@@ -564,17 +566,17 @@ async fn download_icon(domain: &str) -> Result<(Bytes, Option<&str>), Error> {
     Ok((buffer, icon_type))
 }
 
-async fn save_icon(path: &str, icon: &[u8]) {
+async fn save_icon(path: &str, icon: Vec<u8>) {
-    match File::create(path).await {
+    let operator = match CONFIG.opendal_operator_for_path_type(PathType::IconCache) {
-        Ok(mut f) => {
+        Ok(operator) => operator,
-            f.write_all(icon).await.expect("Error writing icon file");
-        }
-        Err(ref e) if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {
-            create_dir_all(&CONFIG.icon_cache_folder()).await.expect("Error creating icon cache folder");
-        }
         Err(e) => {
-            warn!("Unable to save icon: {e:?}");
+            warn!("Failed to get OpenDAL operator while saving icon: {e}");
+            return;
         }
+    };
+
+    if let Err(e) = operator.write(path, icon).await {
+        warn!("Unable to save icon: {e:?}");
     }
 }
 

src/auth.rs

@@ -7,16 +7,14 @@ use once_cell::sync::{Lazy, OnceCell};
 use openssl::rsa::Rsa;
 use serde::de::DeserializeOwned;
 use serde::ser::Serialize;
-use std::{
+use std::{env, net::IpAddr};
-    env,
+
-    fs::File,
+use crate::{
-    io::{Read, Write},
+    config::PathType,
-    net::IpAddr,
+    db::models::{
-};
+        AttachmentId, CipherId, CollectionId, DeviceId, EmergencyAccessId, MembershipId, OrgApiKeyId, OrganizationId,
-
+        SendFileId, SendId, UserId,
-use crate::db::models::{
+    },
-    AttachmentId, CipherId, CollectionId, DeviceId, EmergencyAccessId, MembershipId, OrgApiKeyId, OrganizationId,
-    SendFileId, SendId, UserId,
 };
 use crate::{error::Error, CONFIG};
 
@@ -40,37 +38,33 @@ static JWT_REGISTER_VERIFY_ISSUER: Lazy<String> = Lazy::new(|| format!("{}|regis
 static PRIVATE_RSA_KEY: OnceCell<EncodingKey> = OnceCell::new();
 static PUBLIC_RSA_KEY: OnceCell<DecodingKey> = OnceCell::new();
 
-pub fn initialize_keys() -> Result<(), Error> {
+pub async fn initialize_keys() -> Result<(), Error> {
-    fn read_key(create_if_missing: bool) -> Result<(Rsa<openssl::pkey::Private>, Vec<u8>), Error> {
+    use std::io::Error;
-        let mut priv_key_buffer = Vec::with_capacity(2048);
+
-
+    let rsa_key_filename = std::path::PathBuf::from(CONFIG.private_rsa_key())
-        let mut priv_key_file = File::options()
+        .file_name()
-            .create(create_if_missing)
+        .ok_or_else(|| Error::other("Private RSA key path missing filename"))?
-            .truncate(false)
+        .to_str()
-            .read(true)
+        .ok_or_else(|| Error::other("Private RSA key path filename is not valid UTF-8"))?
-            .write(create_if_missing)
+        .to_string();
-            .open(CONFIG.private_rsa_key())?;
+
-
+    let operator = CONFIG.opendal_operator_for_path_type(PathType::RsaKey).map_err(Error::other)?;
-        #[allow(clippy::verbose_file_reads)]
+
-        let bytes_read = priv_key_file.read_to_end(&mut priv_key_buffer)?;
+    let priv_key_buffer = match operator.read(&rsa_key_filename).await {
-
+        Ok(buffer) => Some(buffer),
-        let rsa_key = if bytes_read > 0 {
+        Err(e) if e.kind() == opendal::ErrorKind::NotFound => None,
-            Rsa::private_key_from_pem(&priv_key_buffer[..bytes_read])?
+        Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
-        } else if create_if_missing {
+    };
-            // Only create the key if the file doesn't exist or is empty
+
-            let rsa_key = Rsa::generate(2048)?;
+    let (priv_key, priv_key_buffer) = if let Some(priv_key_buffer) = priv_key_buffer {
-            priv_key_buffer = rsa_key.private_key_to_pem()?;
+        (Rsa::private_key_from_pem(priv_key_buffer.to_vec().as_slice())?, priv_key_buffer.to_vec())
-            priv_key_file.write_all(&priv_key_buffer)?;
+    } else {
-            info!("Private key '{}' created correctly", CONFIG.private_rsa_key());
+        let rsa_key = Rsa::generate(2048)?;
-            rsa_key
+        let priv_key_buffer = rsa_key.private_key_to_pem()?;
-        } else {
+        operator.write(&rsa_key_filename, priv_key_buffer.clone()).await?;
-            err!("Private key does not exist or invalid format", CONFIG.private_rsa_key());
+        info!("Private key '{}' created correctly", CONFIG.private_rsa_key());
-        };
+        (rsa_key, priv_key_buffer)
-
+    };
-        Ok((rsa_key, priv_key_buffer))
-    }
-
-    let (priv_key, priv_key_buffer) = read_key(true).or_else(|_| read_key(false))?;
     let pub_key_buffer = priv_key.public_key_to_pem()?;
 
     let enc = EncodingKey::from_rsa_pem(&priv_key_buffer)?;

src/config.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::{
     process::exit,
     sync::{
         atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
-        RwLock,
+        LazyLock, RwLock,
     },
 };
 
@@ -22,10 +22,32 @@ static CONFIG_FILE: Lazy<String> = Lazy::new(|| {
     get_env("CONFIG_FILE").unwrap_or_else(|| format!("{data_folder}/config.json"))
 });
 
+static CONFIG_FILE_PARENT_DIR: LazyLock<String> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    let path = std::path::PathBuf::from(&*CONFIG_FILE);
+    path.parent().unwrap_or(std::path::Path::new("data")).to_str().unwrap_or("data").to_string()
+});
+
+static CONFIG_FILENAME: LazyLock<String> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    let path = std::path::PathBuf::from(&*CONFIG_FILE);
+    path.file_name().unwrap_or(std::ffi::OsStr::new("config.json")).to_str().unwrap_or("config.json").to_string()
+});
+
 pub static SKIP_CONFIG_VALIDATION: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
 
 pub static CONFIG: Lazy<Config> = Lazy::new(|| {
-    Config::load().unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+    std::thread::spawn(|| {
+        let rt = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread().enable_all().build().unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+            println!("Error loading config:\n  {e:?}\n");
+            exit(12)
+        });
+
+        rt.block_on(Config::load()).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+            println!("Error loading config:\n  {e:?}\n");
+            exit(12)
+        })
+    })
+    .join()
+    .unwrap_or_else(|e| {
         println!("Error loading config:\n  {e:?}\n");
         exit(12)
     })
@@ -110,10 +132,11 @@ macro_rules! make_config {
                 builder
             }
 
-            fn from_file(path: &str) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+            async fn from_file() -> Result<Self, Error> {
-                let config_str = std::fs::read_to_string(path)?;
+                let operator = opendal_operator_for_path(&CONFIG_FILE_PARENT_DIR)?;
-                println!("[INFO] Using saved config from `{path}` for configuration.\n");
+                let config_bytes = operator.read(&CONFIG_FILENAME).await?;
-                serde_json::from_str(&config_str).map_err(Into::into)
+                println!("[INFO] Using saved config from `{}` for configuration.\n", *CONFIG_FILE);
+                serde_json::from_slice(&config_bytes.to_vec()).map_err(Into::into)
             }
 
             fn clear_non_editable(&mut self) {
@@ -1138,11 +1161,93 @@ fn smtp_convert_deprecated_ssl_options(smtp_ssl: Option<bool>, smtp_explicit_tls
     "starttls".to_string()
 }
 
+fn opendal_operator_for_path(path: &str) -> Result<opendal::Operator, Error> {
+    // Cache of previously built operators by path
+    static OPERATORS_BY_PATH: LazyLock<dashmap::DashMap<String, opendal::Operator>> =
+        LazyLock::new(dashmap::DashMap::new);
+
+    if let Some(operator) = OPERATORS_BY_PATH.get(path) {
+        return Ok(operator.clone());
+    }
+
+    let operator = if path.starts_with("s3://") {
+        #[cfg(not(s3))]
+        return Err(opendal::Error::new(opendal::ErrorKind::ConfigInvalid, "S3 support is not enabled").into());
+
+        #[cfg(s3)]
+        opendal_s3_operator_for_path(path)?
+    } else {
+        let builder = opendal::services::Fs::default().root(path);
+        opendal::Operator::new(builder)?.finish()
+    };
+
+    OPERATORS_BY_PATH.insert(path.to_string(), operator.clone());
+
+    Ok(operator)
+}
+
+#[cfg(s3)]
+fn opendal_s3_operator_for_path(path: &str) -> Result<opendal::Operator, Error> {
+    // This is a custom AWS credential loader that uses the official AWS Rust
+    // SDK config crate to load credentials. This ensures maximum compatibility
+    // with AWS credential configurations. For example, OpenDAL doesn't support
+    // AWS SSO temporary credentials yet.
+    struct OpenDALS3CredentialLoader {}
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl reqsign::AwsCredentialLoad for OpenDALS3CredentialLoader {
+        async fn load_credential(&self, _client: reqwest::Client) -> anyhow::Result<Option<reqsign::AwsCredential>> {
+            use aws_credential_types::provider::ProvideCredentials as _;
+            use tokio::sync::OnceCell;
+
+            static DEFAULT_CREDENTIAL_CHAIN: OnceCell<
+                aws_config::default_provider::credentials::DefaultCredentialsChain,
+            > = OnceCell::const_new();
+
+            let chain = DEFAULT_CREDENTIAL_CHAIN
+                .get_or_init(|| aws_config::default_provider::credentials::DefaultCredentialsChain::builder().build())
+                .await;
+
+            let creds = chain.provide_credentials().await?;
+
+            Ok(Some(reqsign::AwsCredential {
+                access_key_id: creds.access_key_id().to_string(),
+                secret_access_key: creds.secret_access_key().to_string(),
+                session_token: creds.session_token().map(|s| s.to_string()),
+                expires_in: creds.expiry().map(|expiration| expiration.into()),
+            }))
+        }
+    }
+
+    const OPEN_DAL_S3_CREDENTIAL_LOADER: OpenDALS3CredentialLoader = OpenDALS3CredentialLoader {};
+
+    let url = Url::parse(path).map_err(|e| format!("Invalid path S3 URL path {path:?}: {e}"))?;
+
+    let bucket = url.host_str().ok_or_else(|| format!("Missing Bucket name in data folder S3 URL {path:?}"))?;
+
+    let builder = opendal::services::S3::default()
+        .customized_credential_load(Box::new(OPEN_DAL_S3_CREDENTIAL_LOADER))
+        .enable_virtual_host_style()
+        .bucket(bucket)
+        .root(url.path())
+        .default_storage_class("INTELLIGENT_TIERING");
+
+    Ok(opendal::Operator::new(builder)?.finish())
+}
+
+pub enum PathType {
+    Data,
+    IconCache,
+    Attachments,
+    Sends,
+    RsaKey,
+}
+
 impl Config {
-    pub fn load() -> Result<Self, Error> {
+    pub async fn load() -> Result<Self, Error> {
         // Loading from env and file
         let _env = ConfigBuilder::from_env();
-        let _usr = ConfigBuilder::from_file(&CONFIG_FILE).unwrap_or_default();
+        let _usr = ConfigBuilder::from_file().await.unwrap_or_default();
 
         // Create merged config, config file overwrites env
         let mut _overrides = Vec::new();
@@ -1166,7 +1271,7 @@ impl Config {
         })
     }
 
-    pub fn update_config(&self, other: ConfigBuilder, ignore_non_editable: bool) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    pub async fn update_config(&self, other: ConfigBuilder, ignore_non_editable: bool) -> Result<(), Error> {
         // Remove default values
         //let builder = other.remove(&self.inner.read().unwrap()._env);
 
@@ -1198,20 +1303,19 @@ impl Config {
         }
 
         //Save to file
-        use std::{fs::File, io::Write};
+        let operator = opendal_operator_for_path(&CONFIG_FILE_PARENT_DIR)?;
-        let mut file = File::create(&*CONFIG_FILE)?;
+        operator.write(&CONFIG_FILENAME, config_str).await?;
-        file.write_all(config_str.as_bytes())?;
 
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn update_config_partial(&self, other: ConfigBuilder) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    async fn update_config_partial(&self, other: ConfigBuilder) -> Result<(), Error> {
         let builder = {
             let usr = &self.inner.read().unwrap()._usr;
             let mut _overrides = Vec::new();
             usr.merge(&other, false, &mut _overrides)
         };
-        self.update_config(builder, false)
+        self.update_config(builder, false).await
     }
 
     /// Tests whether an email's domain is allowed. A domain is allowed if it
@@ -1253,8 +1357,9 @@ impl Config {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn delete_user_config(&self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    pub async fn delete_user_config(&self) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        std::fs::remove_file(&*CONFIG_FILE)?;
+        let operator = opendal_operator_for_path(&CONFIG_FILE_PARENT_DIR)?;
+        operator.delete(&CONFIG_FILENAME).await?;
 
         // Empty user config
         let usr = ConfigBuilder::default();
@@ -1284,7 +1389,7 @@ impl Config {
         inner._enable_smtp && (inner.smtp_host.is_some() || inner.use_sendmail)
     }
 
-    pub fn get_duo_akey(&self) -> String {
+    pub async fn get_duo_akey(&self) -> String {
         if let Some(akey) = self._duo_akey() {
             akey
         } else {
@@ -1295,7 +1400,7 @@ impl Config {
                 _duo_akey: Some(akey_s.clone()),
                 ..Default::default()
             };
-            self.update_config_partial(builder).ok();
+            self.update_config_partial(builder).await.ok();
 
             akey_s
         }
@@ -1308,6 +1413,23 @@ impl Config {
         token.is_some() && !token.unwrap().trim().is_empty()
     }
 
+    pub fn opendal_operator_for_path_type(&self, path_type: PathType) -> Result<opendal::Operator, Error> {
+        let path = match path_type {
+            PathType::Data => self.data_folder(),
+            PathType::IconCache => self.icon_cache_folder(),
+            PathType::Attachments => self.attachments_folder(),
+            PathType::Sends => self.sends_folder(),
+            PathType::RsaKey => std::path::Path::new(&self.rsa_key_filename())
+                .parent()
+                .ok_or_else(|| std::io::Error::other("Failed to get directory of RSA key file"))?
+                .to_str()
+                .ok_or_else(|| std::io::Error::other("Failed to convert RSA key file directory to UTF-8 string"))?
+                .to_string(),
+        };
+
+        opendal_operator_for_path(&path)
+    }
+
     pub fn render_template<T: serde::ser::Serialize>(&self, name: &str, data: &T) -> Result<String, Error> {
         if self.reload_templates() {
             warn!("RELOADING TEMPLATES");

src/db/models/attachment.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-use std::io::ErrorKind;
+use std::time::Duration;
 
 use bigdecimal::{BigDecimal, ToPrimitive};
 use derive_more::{AsRef, Deref, Display};
 use serde_json::Value;
 
 use super::{CipherId, OrganizationId, UserId};
-use crate::CONFIG;
+use crate::{config::PathType, CONFIG};
 use macros::IdFromParam;
 
 db_object! {
@@ -41,24 +41,30 @@ impl Attachment {
     }
 
     pub fn get_file_path(&self) -> String {
-        format!("{}/{}/{}", CONFIG.attachments_folder(), self.cipher_uuid, self.id)
+        format!("{}/{}", self.cipher_uuid, self.id)
     }
 
-    pub fn get_url(&self, host: &str) -> String {
+    pub async fn get_url(&self, host: &str) -> Result<String, crate::Error> {
-        let token = encode_jwt(&generate_file_download_claims(self.cipher_uuid.clone(), self.id.clone()));
+        let operator = CONFIG.opendal_operator_for_path_type(PathType::Attachments)?;
-        format!("{host}/attachments/{}/{}?token={token}", self.cipher_uuid, self.id)
+
+        if operator.info().scheme() == opendal::Scheme::Fs {
+            let token = encode_jwt(&generate_file_download_claims(self.cipher_uuid.clone(), self.id.clone()));
+            Ok(format!("{host}/attachments/{}/{}?token={token}", self.cipher_uuid, self.id))
+        } else {
+            Ok(operator.presign_read(&self.get_file_path(), Duration::from_secs(5 * 60)).await?.uri().to_string())
+        }
     }
 
-    pub fn to_json(&self, host: &str) -> Value {
+    pub async fn to_json(&self, host: &str) -> Result<Value, crate::Error> {
-        json!({
+        Ok(json!({
             "id": self.id,
-            "url": self.get_url(host),
+            "url": self.get_url(host).await?,
             "fileName": self.file_name,
             "size": self.file_size.to_string(),
             "sizeName": crate::util::get_display_size(self.file_size),
             "key": self.akey,
             "object": "attachment"
-        })
+        }))
     }
 }
 
@@ -104,26 +110,26 @@ impl Attachment {
 
     pub async fn delete(&self, conn: &mut DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
         db_run! { conn: {
-            let _: () = crate::util::retry(
+            crate::util::retry(
                 || diesel::delete(attachments::table.filter(attachments::id.eq(&self.id))).execute(conn),
                 10,
             )
-            .map_res("Error deleting attachment")?;
+            .map(|_| ())
-
+            .map_res("Error deleting attachment")
-            let file_path = &self.get_file_path();
+        }}?;
-
+
-            match std::fs::remove_file(file_path) {
+        let operator = CONFIG.opendal_operator_for_path_type(PathType::Attachments)?;
-                // Ignore "file not found" errors. This can happen when the
+        let file_path = self.get_file_path();
-                // upstream caller has already cleaned up the file as part of
+
-                // its own error handling.
+        if let Err(e) = operator.delete(&file_path).await {
-                Err(e) if e.kind() == ErrorKind::NotFound => {
+            if e.kind() == opendal::ErrorKind::NotFound {
-                    debug!("File '{file_path}' already deleted.");
+                debug!("File '{file_path}' already deleted.");
-                    Ok(())
+            } else {
-                }
+                return Err(e.into());
-                Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
-                _ => Ok(()),
             }
-        }}
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     pub async fn delete_all_by_cipher(cipher_uuid: &CipherId, conn: &mut DbConn) -> EmptyResult {

src/db/models/cipher.rs

@@ -141,18 +141,28 @@ impl Cipher {
         cipher_sync_data: Option<&CipherSyncData>,
         sync_type: CipherSyncType,
         conn: &mut DbConn,
-    ) -> Value {
+    ) -> Result<Value, crate::Error> {
         use crate::util::{format_date, validate_and_format_date};
 
         let mut attachments_json: Value = Value::Null;
         if let Some(cipher_sync_data) = cipher_sync_data {
             if let Some(attachments) = cipher_sync_data.cipher_attachments.get(&self.uuid) {
-                attachments_json = attachments.iter().map(|c| c.to_json(host)).collect();
+                if !attachments.is_empty() {
+                    let mut attachments_json_vec = vec![];
+                    for attachment in attachments {
+                        attachments_json_vec.push(attachment.to_json(host).await?);
+                    }
+                    attachments_json = Value::Array(attachments_json_vec);
+                }
             }
         } else {
             let attachments = Attachment::find_by_cipher(&self.uuid, conn).await;
             if !attachments.is_empty() {
-                attachments_json = attachments.iter().map(|c| c.to_json(host)).collect()
+                let mut attachments_json_vec = vec![];
+                for attachment in attachments {
+                    attachments_json_vec.push(attachment.to_json(host).await?);
+                }
+                attachments_json = Value::Array(attachments_json_vec);
             }
         }
 
@@ -384,7 +394,7 @@ impl Cipher {
         };
 
         json_object[key] = type_data_json;
-        json_object
+        Ok(json_object)
     }
 
     pub async fn update_users_revision(&self, conn: &mut DbConn) -> Vec<UserId> {

src/db/models/send.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use chrono::{NaiveDateTime, Utc};
 use serde_json::Value;
 
-use crate::util::LowerCase;
+use crate::{config::PathType, util::LowerCase, CONFIG};
 
 use super::{OrganizationId, User, UserId};
 use id::SendId;
@@ -226,7 +226,8 @@ impl Send {
         self.update_users_revision(conn).await;
 
         if self.atype == SendType::File as i32 {
-            std::fs::remove_dir_all(std::path::Path::new(&crate::CONFIG.sends_folder()).join(&self.uuid)).ok();
+            let operator = CONFIG.opendal_operator_for_path_type(PathType::Sends)?;
+            operator.remove_all(&self.uuid).await.ok();
         }
 
         db_run! { conn: {

src/error.rs

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ use jsonwebtoken::errors::Error as JwtErr;
 use lettre::address::AddressError as AddrErr;
 use lettre::error::Error as LettreErr;
 use lettre::transport::smtp::Error as SmtpErr;
+use opendal::Error as OpenDALErr;
 use openssl::error::ErrorStack as SSLErr;
 use regex::Error as RegexErr;
 use reqwest::Error as ReqErr;
@@ -98,6 +99,8 @@ make_error! {
 
     DieselCon(DieselConErr): _has_source, _api_error,
     Webauthn(WebauthnErr):   _has_source, _api_error,
+
+    OpenDAL(OpenDALErr): _has_source, _api_error,
 }
 
 impl std::fmt::Debug for Error {

src/main.rs

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ mod util;
 use crate::api::core::two_factor::duo_oidc::purge_duo_contexts;
 use crate::api::purge_auth_requests;
 use crate::api::{WS_ANONYMOUS_SUBSCRIPTIONS, WS_USERS};
-pub use config::CONFIG;
+pub use config::{PathType, CONFIG};
 pub use error::{Error, MapResult};
 use rocket::data::{Limits, ToByteUnit};
 use std::sync::{atomic::Ordering, Arc};
@@ -75,16 +75,13 @@ async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
     let level = init_logging()?;
 
     check_data_folder().await;
-    auth::initialize_keys().unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+    auth::initialize_keys().await.unwrap_or_else(|e| {
         error!("Error creating private key '{}'\n{e:?}\nExiting Vaultwarden!", CONFIG.private_rsa_key());
         exit(1);
     });
     check_web_vault();
 
-    create_dir(&CONFIG.icon_cache_folder(), "icon cache");
     create_dir(&CONFIG.tmp_folder(), "tmp folder");
-    create_dir(&CONFIG.sends_folder(), "sends folder");
-    create_dir(&CONFIG.attachments_folder(), "attachments folder");
 
     let pool = create_db_pool().await;
     schedule_jobs(pool.clone());
@@ -464,6 +461,24 @@ fn create_dir(path: &str, description: &str) {
 
 async fn check_data_folder() {
     let data_folder = &CONFIG.data_folder();
+
+    if data_folder.starts_with("s3://") {
+        if let Err(e) = CONFIG
+            .opendal_operator_for_path_type(PathType::Data)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+                error!("Failed to create S3 operator for data folder '{data_folder}': {e:?}");
+                exit(1);
+            })
+            .check()
+            .await
+        {
+            error!("Could not access S3 data folder '{data_folder}': {e:?}");
+            exit(1);
+        }
+
+        return;
+    }
+
     let path = Path::new(data_folder);
     if !path.exists() {
         error!("Data folder '{data_folder}' doesn't exist.");

src/util.rs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use tokio::{
     time::{sleep, Duration},
 };
 
-use crate::CONFIG;
+use crate::{config::PathType, CONFIG};
 
 pub struct AppHeaders();
 
@@ -827,6 +827,26 @@ pub fn is_global(ip: std::net::IpAddr) -> bool {
     ip.is_global()
 }
 
+/// Saves a Rocket temporary file to the OpenDAL Operator at the given path.
+pub async fn save_temp_file(
+    path_type: PathType,
+    path: &str,
+    temp_file: rocket::fs::TempFile<'_>,
+    overwrite: bool,
+) -> Result<(), crate::Error> {
+    use futures::AsyncWriteExt as _;
+    use tokio_util::compat::TokioAsyncReadCompatExt as _;
+
+    let operator = CONFIG.opendal_operator_for_path_type(path_type)?;
+
+    let mut read_stream = temp_file.open().await?.compat();
+    let mut writer = operator.writer_with(path).if_not_exists(!overwrite).await?.into_futures_async_write();
+    futures::io::copy(&mut read_stream, &mut writer).await?;
+    writer.close().await?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 /// These are some tests to check that the implementations match
 /// The IPv4 can be all checked in 30 seconds or so and they are correct as of nightly 2023-07-17
 /// The IPV6 can't be checked in a reasonable time, so we check over a hundred billion random ones, so far correct